Моддинг форум

Poroh, тегами [img]адрес%20фотки[/img]

Lucifer5,лови
Hints and advices for car sound builders using
GENESIS amplifiers and DLS speakers
DLS Svenska AB
P.O. Box 13029, S-402 51 Gˆteborg, Sweden
Tel. +46 31 84 00 60
Fax +46 31 84 40 21
E-mail: info@dls.se
CONTENTS:
Page
1 Introduction
2 - 3 Formulas and facts
4 Speaker facts
5 - 6 Amplifier data
7 - 9 Passive crossover filters
10 The cables
11 - 14 Installation
15 - 21 DLS†GENESIS wiring examples
22 - 28 Speaker boxes
29 - 34 Bass boxes for DLS subwoofers
35 Some useful tables
SOUND HANDBOOK
1998
INTRODUCTION
We have made this handbook as a small help for
thoose who want to do a first class car sound installation.
This book advices the reader in matters concerning
amplifier and speaker installation and wiring, passive
crossovers, cable choice and different bass box
constructions.
DLS SOUND†PHILOSOPHY
DLS sound philosophy is based upon providing
equipment that will accurately and faithfully reproduce
all kinds of music without distortion and colouration.
The sound reproduction must be natural, the
soundstage well imaged and stable even when the
tweeters are mounted apart from the bass/midrange
elements.
If you close your eyes the sound should be as close
as possible to the real. You should be able to
experience the sound as it is in the concert hall or on
a rock concert. Every instrument and singer should
be on it¥s correct place on the stage. To achieve this
you need a good front stage image and to do such
an installation is not easy. GENESIS amplifiers and
DLS speaker systems will help you to achive a sound
as good as possible, but you also have to do a correct
installation if you want a perfect result. This book will
give you hints about doing a good installation.
1
Depending upon the construction, amplifiers are
divided into different classes, there are class A, AB,
B or C. The characteristic mark for a class A amplifier
is the lack of switching noise distortion, which the
other types have. The class A amplifier also has a
higher idle current, but instead it creates a much
better resoulution and dynamics. For home use the
class A amplifiers are not very common, many people
think they are only for sound connoisseurs and Hi-Fi
entusiasts.Powers from 2x15 up to 2x50 Watts are
common on these types, no high power, but instead
real good AC/DC-converters with reliable power
resources.
The most common amplifier type is class AB.
AMPLIFIER†CLASSES
To make a pure class A amplifier for in-car use would
be relatively easy, but would cause many problems.
the main problem is the efficiency of true class A
operation. To provide 50 watts per channel would
require a power consumption of about 250 watts
continuous. This is around 21 A from a 12 V system.
A second battery and maybee alternator would be
required for most installations. This would also require
fan cooling to get rid of the heat.
In a class "A" amplifier, the improvement in sound
quality is thanks to absence of switching noise from
the output transistors. The penalty for this is that the
amplifier is not efficient and wastes energy. By using
a special biasing circuit to ensure the output
transistors do not switch off, the GENESIS amplifiers
achieve all the advantages of a class "A" operation
with only a small reduction in efficiency.
All amplifiers can be used in bridgemode and multimode
applications.
The new GENESIS series 3 amplifiers can not be
defined either as class A or AB. They are a unique
GENESIS construction. All amplifiers are 2 W stable
except for Monoblock and the subwoofer channel on
Five Channel which are 1 W stable.
CLASS A - IN†A†NEW†WAY
DLS lay a great job in developing and refining the
different products in order to give the market the best
Car-Hi-Fi products possible to the worlds most
demanding listeners.
A wellknown french sound philosopher, Jean Hiraga,
said regarding home Hi-Fi: A good sound starts in
the mains plug and then through the AC/DCconverter,
which must be oversized.
The same is valid for Car Hi-Fi, the amplifier must at
all occasions have enough power to make a good
job. Remember to use well oversized cables from
the battery to the amplifier. It is also essential that
the DC/DC-converter is well oversized to make it
distribute enough power to the amplifiers final stage
when it¥s needed, otherwise both the dynamics and
the good sound will be lost. The amplifier will sound
"tired" and the sound will be strained. The bass will
lack the real "bass-kick" and the treble becomes
sharp instead of soft and airy.
The built-in amplifers in most CD:s and stereo casette
players can¥t stand up to these demands. To achieve
a good sound it¥s necessary to install. an external
high quality amplifier.
DLS†AMPLIFIER†PHILOSOPHY
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - INTRODUCTION
GENESIS†AMPLIFIERS TO†97-10.
SA-30 class "A" B-40 class "AB"
SA-50 " SM-60 "
DA-100 " SM-100 "
Q-100X " DM-200 "
P-300X " + AB Q-200X "
MONO-250 "
GENESIS†AMPLIFIERS†FROM 97-11.
Stereo 60 Stereo 100
Dual Mono Four Channel
Five Channel Monoblock
FORMULAS
It¥s easier to understand some parts in this book if
you know some of the formulas on this page. They
are also useful at many other occasions.
Box volumes (V):
When caculating the volume of a box you simply
multiply the width (W) x heigth (H) x depth (D).
Use measures in dm and you will get the answer in
liters.
A trapezoid box is calulated as below:
V†=†width (W) x heigth (H) x upper depth + lower depth
2
W
H
UD
LD
OHMS LAW:
R = resistance in ohm, U = voltage in Volt
I = current in Ampere, P = power in Watt
Volume (V) of a pipe:
D = depth (length) r = radius
V = r2 x 3,14 x D
2
r
MEASURE†CONVERSION
The following relation between some units are
useful to know of.
1 yard (yd) = 3 ft = 36 in = 0,9144 m
1 foot (ft) = 0,3048 m
1 inch (in) = 2,54 cm
1 square yard (yd2) = 9 ft2 = 1296 in2 = 0,8361 m2
1 square foot (ft2) = 144 in2 = 9,290 dm2
1 square inch (in2) = 6,452 cm2
1 cubic yard (yd3) = 27 ft3 = 0,7646 m3
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 1728 in3 = 28,32 dm3
1 cubic inch (in3) = 16,39 cm3
1 pound (lb) = 16 oz = 0,4536 kg
1 ounce (oz) = 28,35 gram
CONVERSION†GAUGE†- mm2
Gauge (ga) is an American measure for cable
areas, also called AWG (American Wire Gauge).
1 AWG = 42 mm2 9 AWG = 6,8 mm2
2 AWG = 33 mm2 10 AWG = 5,3 mm2
3 AWG = 27 mm2 11 AWG = 4,2 mm2
4 AWG = 21 mm2 12 AWG = 3 mm2
5 AWG = 16 mm2 13 AWG = 2,7 mm2
6 AWG = 13 mm2 14 AWG = 2 mm2
7 AWG = 10 mm2 15 AWG = 1,65 mm2
8 AWG = 8 mm2 16 AWG = 1,3 mm2
SPEAKER†TERMS
It¥s useful to know what the most common speaker
data terms stands for.
Fs = speaker resonant frequency in Hz
Fc = box resonant frequency in Hz
F3 = approximative lower frequency for vented
boxes in Hz. Often called F-3 dB point = the point
where the power is half.
Qes = the speakers electrical Q-value
Qms = the speakers mechanical Q-value
Qts = the speakers total Q-value
Vas = Eqvivalent air volume. The air volume
having the same aqoustic compliance as the
speaker suspension.
X-max = voice coil length - 2 x thickness of the
inner pole plate.
Sd = the speakers effective cone area
Vb = net volyme of the box
SPL = sound pressure level in dB
Sens. = speaker sensitivity in dB at 1Watt / 1 mtr
Re = speaker DC resistance in ohms
Mms = moving mass
Lbm = Voice coil inductance
RMS = AC mean power
BL = The factor of theflux density in the magnetic
gap in the speaker x the wire length of the voice coil
GEOMETHRY:
Circel:
r = radius O = periphery
d= diameter A = area
Radius (r) = O Diameter (d) = O
2p p
Periphery (O) = 2p x r Area (A) = p x r2
To get the net volume use the inner measures of
the box.
Use measures in dm
and you will get the
answer in liters.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - FORMULAS†AND†FACTS
DECIBEL - dB
Examples of fixed dB relations:
For voltage and current:
dB Amplification
0 dB 1 time
1 dB 1,1 times
3 db 1,4 times
6 dB 2 times (double)
10 dB 3,16 times
20 dB 10 times
The amplification increases logarithmic.
For power:
dB Amplification
0 dB 1 time
3 dB 2 times
6 dB 4 times
10 dB 10 times
20 dB 100 times
An attentuation of -6 dB is a half for voltage and
current and a quarter when talking about power.
CONNECTING†RESISTORS
4 W 6 W
8 W 12 W
R tot = 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 = 30 W
IN†PARALLEL:
When connecting in parallel the total resistance
always becomes lower, it is always lower than the
lowest resistor value in the connection.
Formula:1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
R R1 R2 R3 R4
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
R 4 4 8 8
CONNECTION†OF†CAPACITORS
4 W 8 W 8 W 4 W
R = 1,33 W
Capacitors acts in the opposite way as resistors when
connected in series or parallel.
IN†PARALLEL:
The total capacitance when connecting capacitors
in parallel is the sum of each capacitor.
C tot = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 etc.
10 mF 50 mF 50 mF 100 mF
C tot = 10 + 50 + 50 + 100 = 210 mF
When connecting only two resistors in parallel you
can use the formula below.
R1 x R2 4 x 8
R1 + R2 4 + 8 R = Ex. 32
12
= = 2,66W
Formula: 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
C C1 C2 C3 C4
100 mF 50 mF
50 mF 10 mF
1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
C 10 50 50 100
C= 6,66 mF
1 mF = 0,000001 Farad (10-6)
1 nF = 0,000000001 Farad (10-9)
1 pF = 0,000000000001 Farad (10-12)
dB is a unit used to describe a realation. It¥s used to
describe an amplification as well as an attentuation.
At an attentuation a minus sign is put before the
figure.
An amplification is the relation between the input and
the output signal. In can be valid for voltage, current
or power.
When used for power amplification you must
remember that current x voltage = power. This means
that the relation becomes larger, see the table below.
The formualas below is valid when connecting
resistors and inductances in series or in parallel.
It can also be used for speakers.
IN†SERIES:
The total resistance is equal to the sum of all
resistors in the connection.
R tot = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 etc.
When connecting only two capacitors you can use
the same formula as in the example with two
resistors connected in parallel above.
3
IN†SERIES:
When connecting capacitors in series you calculate
in the same way as for resistors connected in parallel.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - FORMULAS†AND†FACTS
PARAMETERS†DLS†SPEAKERS Data 1/4-1998
4
Data can be changed without prior notice. On some models some data are missing.
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - SPEAKER†FACTS
OLDER†DLS SUBWOOFERS
DLS 5508 3 6 0,40 3 6
DLS 5508A 4 4 0,32 22,9
DLS 5310/5510 3 3 0,65 7 6
DLS 5310A 4 9 3,0 2,58 0,52 0,45 46,8 40,8 8,51 9 2 3
DLS 5310B 3 5 0,33 81,6
DLS 5512 2 8 0,35 280
DLS 5512A 4 3 1,9 2,58 0,43 0,37 134 39,1 6,81 9 8 2
DLS 5612 2 7 0,39 204
DLS 5612A 4 7 2,7 1,65 0,45 0,35 81,0 59,1 11,1 9 6 3,8
DLS 5615 4 9 3,2 1,73 0,20 0,18 125 94,1 21,4 100 3,5
Typ /Type F s R e R e s Q m s Q e s Q t s Va s M m s C m s L e B L S d S P L X max
H z ohm ohm liter gram mM/Newton m H Tesla-M cm2 d B mm
DLS C4/P4 8 9 2,98 7,32 3,51 1,43 0.67 1,79 6,15 222 0,25 3,31 44,13 82,1
DLS C5/P5 6 2 3,09 20,91 4,93 0,73 0,64 6,02 6,94 694 0,29 3,95 78,54 84,8
DLS C6/P6 6 3 3,02 14,27 4,62 0,98 0,81 13,49 10,02 645 0,25 3,49 122,0 87,1
DLS PS4 113 4,23 16,36 4,07 1,05 0,84 1,10 4,89 403 0,18 3,74 44,13 83,7
DLS PS5 8 7 4,15 13,65 3,20 0,97 0,75 5,78 6,06 550 0,18 3,76 86,5 87,8
DLS PS6 65,8 4,15 10,89 3,23 1,23 0,89 14,34 8,65 677 0,20 3,47 122,8 87,0
DLS 424
DLS 425 8 1 3,37 40,89 10,62 0,87 0,81 11,98 13,92 398 0,29 5,23 176,0 90,5
DLS 425 slimline 8 7 4,15 13,65 3,20 0,97 0,75 5,78 6,06 550 0,18 3,76 86,5 87,8
DLS 426 77,8 2,92 14,94 4,99 0,98 0,82 9,29 9,55 406 0,30 3,74 122,8 88,3
DLS 426 slimline 65,8 4,15 10,89 3,23 1,23 0,89 14,34 8,65 677 0,20 3,47 122,8 87,0
DLS 428 5 6 3,35 34,08 8,29 0,82 0,74 20,34 18,17 442 0,36 5,14 181,0 88,3
DLS 962 8 1 3,37 40,89 10,62 0,87 0,81 11,98 13,92 275 0,28 5,23 176,0 90,5
DLS 960 5 0 0,59 47,50
DLS R4/RC4 8 9 2,87 16,69 5,78 1,00 0,85 1,28 6,79 468 0,26 3,32 44,13 81,4
DLS R4 Al-cone 96,4 3,43 28,78 7,61 0,91 0,81 1,03 7,23 377 0,26 4,07 44,13 81,9
DLS R5/RC5 6 8 2,87 23,39 5,48 0,67 0,60 6,52 8,87 620 0,24 4,02 86,50 86,6
DLS R5 Al-cone 6 1 3,00 7,63 7,21 0,72 0,66 8,11 10,77 633 0,27 4,13 86,50 86,0
DLS R6 /RC6 6 3 3,17 19,20 4,58 0,76 0,65 11,68 11,72 551 0,31 4,40 122,8 87,6
DLS R6 Al-cone 5 2 3,48 45,00 8,18 0,63 0,59 15,59 12,73 736 0,27 4,78 122,8 87,2
R 8 / R C 8 3 7 0,34 4 3
R36 4" element 150 3,22 17,79 7,51 1,36 1,15 0,55 5,59 3,53 44,18 83,2
R36 6" element 5 4 0,40 1 1
R38 5" element
R38 8" element 4 4 0,32 3 2
CS 1 tweeter 1500 - - - - - - - - - 92
PR 1 tweeter 1500 - - - - - - - - - 93
RC 1 tweeter 950 5,2 - - - - - - 0,04 - - 9 3
U 2,5 mid 3 5 0 3,5 - - - - - - - 28 92,5 0,5
U5 bass 6 1 3,65 26,52 3,55 0,49 0,43 7,77 9,91 683 0,41 5,33 9 0 87,4 3
U6 bass 4 8 3,57 18,79 2,90 0,55 0,46 18,37 11,69 850 0,47 4,80 119,0 87,6 3
U6 bas from 7-96 6 8 3,30 20,06 3,91 0,64 0,55 7,65 14,08 385 0,42 5,57 119,0 87,6 3
UC5 bass 7 8 3,30 3,49 0,93 0,86 6,5 5,8 571 0,21 2,88 9 0 8 9 3
UC6 bass 6 8 3,3 3,93 1,51 0,97 1 1 8,13 561 0,16 2,83 119 9 0 3
U X 5 9 0 3,3 4,90 1,21 0,95 7,80 3,25 674 0,31 2,50 9 0 8 9 3
U X 6 7 5 3,3 4,20 1,09 0,86 2 0 4,40 1017 0,31 2,52 119 9 0 3
DLS W108/108C 41,7 3,40 20,56 3,77 0,62 0,54 29,55 22,91 635 0,67 5,72 182,0 87,2 4
DLS W110/110C 39,9 3,37 18,23 3,77 0,70 0,59 49,11 45,14 353 0,65 7,39 314,6 88,3 4
DLS W112/112C 34,5 3,33 21,13 4,32 0,68 0,59 97,77 62,72 339 0,82 8,15 453,0 89,5 4
DLS W108B 40,3 3,34 10,6 1,81 0,57 0,43 27,10 26,65 586 0,45 6,28 181,5 86,7 5
DLS W110B 34,5 3,44 11,26 1,50 0,46 0,35 69,86 42,45 503 0,72 8,31 314,6 89,8 5
DLS W112B 30,7 3,50 12,85 2,03 0,55 0,43 134,93 57,39 470 0,74 8,36 452,3 90,3 5
DLS W310 36,0 3,43 2,49 0,32 0,28 48,6 55,15 349 1,1 11,50 314,6 9 2 5
DLS W312 30,0 3,43 3,26 0,36 0,34 115,0 79,65 317 1,1 12,22 453,0 9 3 5
DLS W510C 28,6 3,38 25,36 3,46 0,30 0,28 68,1 78,7 392 1,60 11,89 314,6 8 9 9
DLS W512C 30,4 3,31 23,60 3,63 0,31 0,28 109 88,8 308 1,68 13,07 452,3 9 2 9
TECHNICAL†SPECIFICATIONS GENESIS†AMPLIFIERS, series 3.
5
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER†DATA
GENESIS Stereo 60 Stereo 100 Dual Mono Four Channel
Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, 0,1% distortion
Nom. power in 4W 2 x 30 Watt 2 x 50 Watt 2 x 100 Watt 4 x 50 Watt
Typ. power in 4 W 2 x 55 Watt 2 x 95 Watt 2 x 150 Watt 4 x 95 Watt
Nom. power in 2 W 2 x 60 Watt 2 x 100 Watt 2 x 200 Watt 4 x 100 Watt
Typ. power in 2 W 2 x 85 Watt 2 x 145 Watt 2 x 250 Watt 4 x 145 Watt
Nom. power, 4 W bridge 1 x 120 Watt 1 x 200 watt 1 x 400 watt 2 x 200 Watt
Typ. power 4W bridge 1 x 170 Watt 1 x 290 Watt 1 x 500 Watt 2 x 290 Watt
S / N ratio, A-weighted >100 dB >100 db >100 dB >100 dB
Damping factor >200 >200 >200 >200
Input impedance >10 k >10k >10k >10k
Input sensitivity 0,3 - 5V 0,3 - 5V 0,3 - 5V 0,3 - 5 V
Filter high-pass 20-200 Hz 20-200 Hz 20-200 Hz 20-200 Hz (K1 - 4)*
Filter low-pass Fixed 80 Hz* 50-200 Hz* 50-200 Hz* 50-200 Hz (K1 - 4)*
Fan output terminal No Yes Yes Yes
* Switchable in/out
Current draw:
Idle 1,0 A 1,6 A 2,5 A 2,0 A
Typical 5 A 7 A 12 A 10 A
Maximum 23 A 37 A 58 A 75 A
Dimensions (mm) 150x210x62 200x210x62 300x210x62 360x210x62
Weight 1,6 kg 2,1 kg 3,2 kg 3,75 kg
GENESIS Monoblock Five Channel
RMS output power per channel at 14,4 volt, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, < 0,1% distortion, (Monoblock at 0.01%)
Nom. power in 4W 250 Watt 4 x 40 Watt Sub channel: 140 Watt
Typ. power in 4 W 400 Watt 4 x 55 Watt Sub channel: 155 Watt
Nom. power in 2 W 500 Watt 4 x 60 Watt Sub channel: 200 watt
Typ. power in 2 W 750 Watt 4 x 80 Watt Sub channel: 260 Watt
Nom. power in 1 W 1000 Watt - Sub channel: 300 Watt
Typ. power in 1 W 1200 Watt - Sub channel: 360 Watt
Bridge mode 4W nom. - 2 x 150 Watt
Bridge mode 4W typical - 2 x 160 Watt
Damping factor >500 >200
S / N ratio, A-weighted >100 dB >100 dB
Input sensitivity 0,3 - 5V 0,3 - 5V
Input impedance >10 k >10 k
Filter high-pass Nej 80-400Hz + 15-40 Hz* * Switchable in/out
Filter low-pass 50-125 Hz 400Hz-40k + 50-125 Hz*
Fan output terminal Yes Yes
Current draw:
Idle 3,0 A 3,0 A
Typical 30 A 12 A
Maximum 170 A 80 A
Dimensions (mm) 450x210x62 450x210x62
Weight 5,0 kg 4,75 kg
Recommended cable size for the DC-feed:
Cable length: <1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m
Stereo 60 6 mm2 10 mm2 16 mm2
Stereo 100 10 mm2 16 mm2 21 mm2
Dual Mono 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Four Channel 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Five Channel 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Monoblock 33 mm2 33 mm2 42 mm2
Max fuse value for different cable sizes:
Recommended main fuse for amplifiers:
Amplifier Fuse Fuse holder
Stereo 60 25 A FH1
Stereo 100 40 A FH1
Dual Mono 50 A FH1
Four Channel 60 A FH1
Five Channel 60 A FH1
Monoblock 125 - 150 A FH2
6 mm2 = 9AWG 25A
10 mm2 = 7AWG 40 A
16 mm2 = 5AWG 60 A
21 mm2 = 4AWG 100 A
33 mm2 = 2AWG 140 A
42 mm2 = 1 AWG 200 A
GENESIS B-40 SM-60 SM-100 DM-200 Q-200X
Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kHz, 0,1% distortion
Nom. power in 4W 2 x 20 W 2 x 30 W 2 x 50 W 2 x 100 W 4 x 50 W
Typical power in 4 W 2 x 30 W 2 x 45 W 2 x 75 W 2 x 130 W 4 x 70 W
Nom. power in 2 W 2 x 40 W 2 x 60 W 2 x 80 W 2 x 150 W 4 x 90 W
Typical power in 2 W 2 x 50 W 2 x 80 W 2 x 110 W 2 x 200 W 4 x 120 W
Bridge mode 4W nom. 60 Watt 120 Watt 160 Watt 300 Watt 2 x 180 W
Bridge mode 4W typical 90 Watt 150 Watt 240 Watt 425 Watt 2 x 240 W
S / N ratio, better than 100 dB 100 dB 100 db 100 dB 100 dB (A-weigthed)
Channel separation 60 dB 70 dB 70 dB 70 dB 60 dB
Input variable 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V
Power consumption:
idle 0,4 A 0,5A 0,8A 1,2A 1,3A
4W nom. power 8A 13A 19A 45A 45A
2W nom. power 16A 24A 35A 65A 65A
Dimensions (mm) 100x190x62 125x177x62 165x192x62 260x192x62 320x192x62
AMPLIFIERS†IN†CLASS†AB:
TECHNICAL†SPECIFICATIONS†GENESIS†AMPLIFIERS, series 2
AMPLIFIERS†IN†CLASS†"A":
GENESIS SA-30 SA-50 DA-100 Q-100X P-300X*
Continuous power output watts RMS, 20 Hz - 20 kH, 0,1% distortion
Nom. power in 4W 2 x 15 W 2 x 25 W 2 x 50 W 4 x 25 W 4x40 W + 1 x 100 W
Typical power in 4 W 2 x 25 W 2 x 45 W 2 x 85 W 4 x 45 W 4 x 53 W + 1 x 130 W
Nom. power in 2 W 2 x 30 W 2 x 50 W 2 x 100 W 4 x 50 W 4 x 60 W + 1 x 200 W
Typical power in 2 W 2 x 45 W 2 x 75 W 2 x 140 W 4 x 75 W 4 x 78 W + 1 x 220 W
Typical power in 1 W 1 x 300 W
Bridge mode 4W nom. 60 Watt 100 Watt 200 Watt 2 x 100 Watt 2 x 100 W
Bridge mode 4W typical 100 Watt 160 Watt 300 Watt 2 x 160 Watt 2 x 130 W
S / N ratio, better than 100 dB 100 dB 100 db 100 dB 105 dB
Channel separation 70 dB 70 dB 70 dB 70 dB 70 dB
Input variable 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 3V 0,2 - 2V
* P300X subchannel works in class AB
Power consumption:
idle 1,3 A 1,7A 3,3A 3,4A 3,8A
4W nom. power 8A 12A 22A 24A
2W nom. power 16A 23A 33A 46A 87A
Dimensions (mm) 125x177x62 165x192x62 260x192x62 320x192x62 450x192x62
6
BUILT-IN FILTERS REC. CABLE SIZES†FOR†THE DC-FEED
Cable length: <1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m
B-40/SA-30/50 6 mm2 10 mm2 16 mm2
SM-60/SM-100 6 mm2 10 mm2 16 mm2
DA-100/DM-200 10 mm2 16 mm2 21 mm2
Q-100X 10 mm2 16 mm2 21 mm2
Q-200X 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Mono-250/P-300X 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Q-100x, Q-200x and P-300X are equipped with
built-in 12 dB variable electronic crossovers.
Low-pass variable 60 - 150 Hz
High-pass variable 80 - 200 Hz
P-300X: K1-2: HP 80-200 Hz / 2,4 kHz - 6 kHz
K3-4: HP 80 - 200 Hz + LP 3 kHz - 40 kHz
K5: HP 15 - 40 Hz + LP 50 - 125 Hz
The high-pass filters on channel 1-2 and 3-4 can
be switched in-out.
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - AMPLIFIER DATA
7
CROSSOVER†FILTERS
The ideal speaker element that can reproduce all
frequencies from lowest bass to highest treble is not
yet invented. Instead we have to use two or more
speakers where each speaker is adapted to a part of
the frequency range.
To make this work the input signal to each speaker
element must contain only the frequencies it¥s designed
for. For this purpose we need crossover filters.
ACTIVE†CROSSOVERS
Crossovers can be ACTIVE or PASSIVE. An active
filter is connected before the amplifier line input. You
need one amplifier for each speaker pair which will
become rather expensive.
But the advantages are that it¥s possible to mix
speakers with different impedance or sensitivity and
still be able to balance the system.
Most 4, 5 and 6-channel amplifiers are equipped with
built-in active crossovers that can be adjusted in
frequency and switched in-out.
GENESIS Q-100X, Q-200X and P-300X are
equipped with these features. All GENESIS series 3
amplifiers are equipped with built-in active crossovers
PASSIVE CROSSOVERS
Passive crossover consists of coils and capacitors,
and sometimes resistors for impedance adaption. A
passive filter is connected between the amplifier and
the speaker and is of LC-type, (coil and capacitor).
A coil stops the higher frequencies while the low passes
through, a capacitor works in the opposite way.
By changing the component values, different crossover
frequencies are obtained. The coils must be of
high quality with a large wire area to avoid losses
and distortion. Air coils without iron core are the best
but they can be rather big for high values. For high
values we often use coils with an iron core. The best
capacitors are of polyester type. For large
capacitance values bipolar electrolytic capacitors are
used.
Resistors are used in a filter for impedance adaption.
Read the part about conjugate compensation.
A passive filter steals more power than an active.
CROSSOVER EXAMPLES:
(without conjugate compensation)
3-WAY†SYSTEM:
4-WAY†SYSTEM:
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Sub-bass Mid-range Tweeter
0-95 Hz 95 Hz - 5 kHz 5 kHz -
10 mH
10 mH
300 mF
300 mF 5,6 mF
0,18
mH
+
-
12 dB filter slope
+
-
12 dB filter slope
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
The systems above are shown without impedance
compensation. Read below about conjugate links.
10 mH
10 mH
300 mF
1,75 mH
1,75 mH
0,18 mH
50 mF
300 mF
Sub-bass Mid-bass Mid-range Tweeter
0-95 Hz 95 - 520 Hz 520 - 5 kHz 5 kHz -
50 mF
5,6 mF
PHASE†SHIFT IN†CROSSOVER FILTERS
All passive crossovers will phase shift the signal.
A 6 dB filter shifts 90 degrees and a 12 dB 180
degrees. Because of this you should always try to
phase reverse the tweeter in a system to see what
phase is creating the best sound. In a 3-way system
it¥s normal to phase reverse the tweeter. All tweeters
used in a system must have the same polarity
(phase). Also subwoofers with a 12 dB crossover
should you try to phase reverse. If the subwoofer
cone is moving but you don¥t achieve any good bass
you can try to phase reverse. If two subwoofers are
connected with different polarity (phase), the sound
from each speaker will kill the sound from the other,
resulting in a poor bass reproduction.
CONJUGATE†COMPENSATION:
Conjugate compensation is a way to equal the speaker
load over the whole frequency range. A 4 ohm
speaker can have an impedance peak up to 25 times
the normal at the resonant frequency (Fs). To make
the calculated crossover filter to match, you can
connect a conjugate link in parallel with the speaker.
It¥s normally made of a capacitor and a resistor. If
you cant calculate the exact component values for
the conjugate link you can use a 33 mF capacitor in
series with a 3,9 ohm resistor to most 4", 5,25" and
6,5" speakers.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE†X-OVER†FILTERS
CROSSOVER†FREQUENCIES:
In a two-way system with separate tweeter a crossover
frequency from 3 - 8 kHz is normal.
In a three-way system it¥s normal to split the sub at 200-
400 Hz and the tweeter at 3 - 8 kHz.
In a four-way system the x-over frequencies can be
as follows. To the subwoofer 80-130 Hz, mid-bass 400-
600 Hz and the tweeter 3 - 8 kHz.
This is a just a recommendation. Depending upon the
speaker data and where the different elements are
mounted in the car, other x-over frequencies could be
better.
8
PASSIVE 6 dB LOW-PASS PASSIVE 6 dB†HIGH-PASS
A 6 dB x-over filter has a 6 dB slope / octave. The
output from an amplifier is only a quarter after falling
with 6 dB. A 6dB filter is also called 1:st order filter.
A common use for a 6 dB low-pass filter is for a
subwoofer to stop frequencies over, as for example,
100 Hz.
A 6 dB low-pass filter consists of a coil. The x-over
frequency is decided by the inductance value
measured in the unit Henry (H) and parts of a Henry.
For speakers we normally use coils with the unit mH.
1 H = 1000 mH.
12345
12345
12345
+
-
CALCULATION†FORMULA:
L (mH) = 160 x Z
Fc
Z = speaker impedance in W
Fc = x-over frequency in Hz
L= Coil inductance in mH
Speaker impedance
X-over fq. 2W 4W 8W
Hz L (mH) L (mH) L (mH)
65 5 10 20
80 4 8 16
100 3,2 6,4 12,8
130 2,5 5 10
200 1,6 3,2 6,4
360 0,9 1,75 3,5
500 0,65 1,3 2,6
800 0,4 0,8 1,6
1000 0,32 0,64 1,28
X-over frequencies at given values:
10 mH 6,3 mH 1,75 mH
2W 32 Hz 50 Hz 183 Hz
4W 64 Hz 101 Hz 365 Hz
8W 128 Hz 203 Hz 730 Hz
Inductance values for different x-over frequencies:
A 6 dB high-pass x-over filter consists of a capacitor.
The crossover frequency varies with the capacitor
value that is measured in the unit Farad and parts of
Farad. Normally we use mF values for speakers.,
1 F = 1000 000 mF
Capacitor values from approx. 10 mF and up are
normally of bipolar electrolytic type. For lower values
we often use polyester capacitors. A capacitor as in
the drawing below let the high frequencies pass and
stops the lower.
+
-
C (mF) = 160000
Fc x Z
1:st order 6 dB low-pass filter: 1:st order 6 dB high-pass filter:
C L
CALCULATION†FORMULA:
Z = speaker impedance in W
Fc = x-over frequency in Hz
C = Capacitor value in mF
Capacitor values for different x-over frequencies:
Speaker impedance
X-over fq. 2W 4W 8W
Hz C (mF) C (mF) C (mF)
80 1000 500 250
100 800 400 200
130 600 300 150
200 400 200 100
500 160 80 40
800 100 50 25
1000 80 40 20
2000 40 20 10
5000 16 8 4
X-over frequencies at given values:
300 mF 200 mF 150 mF 50 mF 6,8 mF
2W 266 Hz 400 Hz 533 Hz 1,6 kHz 11,7 kHz
4W 133 Hz 200 Hz 266 Hz 800 Hz 5,85 kHz
8W 67 Hz 100 Hz 133 Hz 400 Hz 2,92 kHz
Treble
Bass
=
When connecting coils in series the values are
added.
Use this formula when connecting in parallel:
1 1 + 1 + 1
L L L L =
When connecting capacitors in parallel the values
are added. Use this formula when connecting in
series.
1 1 + 1 + 1
C C C C
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE†X-OVER FILTERS
PASSIVE 12 dB LOW-PASS PASSIVE†12 dB HIGH-PASS
A 12 dB x-over filter has a 12 dB slope / octave.
A 12 dB filter is a combination of a coil and a
capacitor. It is also called 2:nd order filter. 12 dB
low-pass filters are often used for subwoofers in order
to stop frequencies over the x-over frequency,
for example 100 Hz. A combination of a low- and
high-pass filter is called a band-pass filter.
The difference between the passive 12 dB high-pass
x-over filter and the low-pass filter is that the coil and
capacitor change place. For a certain x-over
frequency the component values are the same for
both high- and low-pass filters. A high-pass filter let
high frequencies pass, and stops the lower.
2:nd order 12 dB low-pass filter: 2:nd order 12 dB high-pass filter:
123
123
123
123
L
C
12345
12345
C
L
CALCULATION†FORMULA:
L (mH) = 225 x Z C (mF) = 112500
Fc Fc x Z
CALCULATION†FORMULA:
Z = speaker impedance in W
Fc = x-over frequency in Hz
L = coil inductance in mH
C = capacitor capacitance in mF
L (mH) = 225 x Z C (mF) = 112500
Fc Fc x Z
When connecting coils in series the values are added.
Use this formula when connecting in parallel:
1 1 + 1 + 1
L L L L
When connecting capacitors in parallel the values are
added. Use this formula when connecting in series.
1 1 + 1 + 1
C C C C = =
COMPONENT†VALUES†FOR†12 dB PASSIVE†CROSSOVERS
X-over freq. 2 W 4 W 8W
in Hz C (mF) L (mH) C (mF) L (mH) C (mF) L (mH)
62,5 900 7,2 450 14,4 225 28,8
95 600 5 300 10 150 20
140 400 3,2 200 6,4 100 12,8
190 300 2,35 150 4,7 75 9,5
375 150 1,2 75 2,4 38 4,8
520 108 0,87 54 1,75 27 3,5
800 70 0,56 35 1,12 18 2,25
3500 16 0,12 8 0,25 4 0,5
5000 11 0,09 5,6 0,18 2,8 0,36
9
IMPORTANT†WHEN†CONNECTING†FILTER†!
When connecting a 12 dB low-pass x-over to a
subwoofer it¥s suitable to solder the capacitor directly
on the sub terminals between + and -.
If the sub is disconnected without disconnecting the
capacitor at the same time the amplifier can be
damaged.
A 12 dB filter connected without a speaker will
overload the amplier (if it¥s turned on) and damage
the output circuits.
The same component values are used for both highand
low-pass filters, but they change place.
Use coils with low resistance, air coils are the best.
Coils with iron core must be able to handle high
current or the iron core magnetic saturation becomes
to high causing distortion.
Capacitors must be of bipolar type, 50 - 100 Volt.
Z = speaker impedance in W
Fc = x-over frequency in Hz
L = coil inductance in mH
C = capacitor capacitance in mF
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - PASSIVE†X-OVER FILTERS
THE†CABLES - AN†IMPORTANT†LINK
No chain is stronger than it¥s weakest link !
It¥s not unusual that people buy expensive amplifiers
and speakers but forget the wiring. DLS have high
quality cables for both amateurs and professional
users.
Cables made of oxygen free copper (OFC).
Cables made of oxygen free copper will not oxidize
as normal copper do. The oxidation increases the
DC-resistance and as a result of this the voltage drop
in the cable. All DLS cables use oxygen free copper.
SKIN-EFFECT†AND†INDUCTANCE
In a conductor the higher frequencies moves on the
surface, while lower frequencies moves in the center
of the cable. To make the active resistance
( impedance and inductance) as low as possible for
each frequency some cables use different strand
sizes for different frequencies. Higher frequencies
prefer a cable with very thin strands while the lower
frequencies will find the lowest active resistance in a
thicker strand. To minimize the cable resistance
further the cable can be designed with a combination
of copper and silver plated strands.
One of the advantages with DLS speaker- and signal
cables are the low inductance. Opposite an
ordinary DC-resistance the inductance is linear. It
means that higher frequencies will be more supressed
than the lower which can create a distored and
false sound reproduction. Inductance will occour
when an AC-current flows in an electromagnetic field.
These fields are causing eddy currents superposed
the normal current leading to an increase of
resistance. They also make the current flow to
decrease towards the center of the conductor (skineffect).
A low inductance is to prefer. This is achieved
by using raw materials with high purity. A low
inductance will also be achieved by twisting the
strands in the conductor. When the current to the
speaker passes through the speaker coil, which is
an inductance, it creates eddy currents that goes back
to the amplifier called counter- Electro Motive Force
(EMF). The EMF is also reduced by a correct cable
construction with twisted strands.
DLS†POWER†CABLES.
SIGNAL CABLES:
The signal cables must be of good quality as well as
the speaker cables.
The construction of the cable must have the best
possible reduction of inductance and capacitance
together with a low damping over the whole frequency
range.
The shielding is also important to avoid interference
noise from the electric system of the car.
DLS SL2PRO and SL5PRO are triple shielded but
without a remote wire. A remote wire included with
the signal cable may induce interference.
Also use RCA phono connectors of highest quality
with good shielding and gold plated for minimum
contact resistance.
DLS speaker cable design gives the following
advantages:
q Maximum reduction of the EMF which causes
phase shift resulting in bad sound quality.
q Lowest possible damping resistance on all
frequencies by using the skin effect.
q Lowest possible power loss.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - THE†CABLES
10
Cable length: <1,5 m 1,5 - 5 m > 5 m
Stereo 60 6 mm2 10 mm2 16 mm2
Stereo 100 10 mm2 16 mm2 21 mm2
Dual Mono 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Four Channel 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Five Channel 16 mm2 21 mm2 33 mm2
Monoblock 33 mm2 33 mm2 42 mm2
As we have said before the DC-feed to the amplifier
is of great importance. The amplifier must in all
occasions have enough current, otherwise both the
dynamics and good sound will be lost.
DLS power cables of oxygen free copper are made
of a lot of small cores to make it soft and flexible with
lowest DC-resistance. Use the table below to choose
the correct DC-feed.
In many installations the current capacity is improved
with extra batteries (OPTIMA) with low inner
resistance or large 1 Farad capacitors, DLS†Power
Caps. If you don¥t want to spend money on extra
batteries at least you shouldn¥t save money on the
DC-feed.
Also the speaker feed must be of high quality. Use
cables with an area of at least 1,5 mm2.DLS speaker
cables are soft and flexible with a construction that
minimizes the loss over the whole frequency range.
DLS SC 4x1 and SC 4x1,5 are special speaker
cables with four leads. They are twisted and has a
powerful insulation protecting them from mechanical
agitation.
The four leads are connected in pairs as they have
different strand sizes using the skin effect to minimize
the resistance on all frequencies.
The capacitance, inductance and EMF are reduced
by the twisted cores in the cable.
Two of the four leads have a strand size of 0,1 mm2,
and the two others have 0,2 mm2.
DLS SC 2x1,5, SC 2x2,5 and SC 2x4 are the standard
two-lead speaker cables made of oxygen free
copper. They have twisted strands and are soft and
flexible for easy installations.
DLS†SPEAKER†CABLES.
INSTALLATION
THE†HEAD†UNIT
The heart in a car stereo installation is the car stereo,
often called head unit. Today it¥s normally a tuner
with an external CD-changer or built-in CD-player.
The well-known brands are the best choice if you
want a high quality product.
One important detail is to buy a head unit with RCA
pre-outs which makes it easier when you want to do
a more sophisticated installation than standard. The
head unit is normally installed in the dash-boards original
fitting, just make sure it¥s fastened properly. If
possible use heavier DC-feeds than the originals used
in the car. If you use the internal amplifier to feed
any speaker pair this is important. The ground wire
must have the same area as the +-feed.
If you have interference noise from the alternator or
ignition its¥often the ground connection that is wrong.
Try different places for the ground connection, the
best is close to a unit (the amplifier).
THE AMPLIFIER
An extra amplifier should be installed in a place where
it can be satisfactory cooled. Many amplifiers get very
hot and need a good cooling.
In some installations you might need one or two
external cooling fans.
First check if there are any cable mats or fuel pipes
behind the place where you plan to mount the
amplifier. Alternatively use an extra particle board or
the bass box when you mount the amplifier and you
will have a better ground insulation. To avoid
interference noise this can be to prefer.
Install the amplifier far away from your radio aerial.
Sometimes the amplifiers DC/DC-converter generates
high frequency interference.
11
THE DC-FEED
To avoid damage to the amplifier or the electric system
of the car the DC-feed installation must be made
with care. A main fuse should be installed close to
the battery. The fuse value depends on what kind of
amplifier / amplifiers you use, but a fuse value of 40
- 60 A is normal.
Use either glass fuses or automatic circuit breakers.
If the amplifiers are installed in the back of the car
it¥s normal to install a separate fuse block from which
you distribute the power to the separate units. Each
unit will then be separately fuse protected. See the
drawing below.
THE†CABLES
As we have said before the cables are very important.
In the table on page 5 you find recommended areas
for the DC-feed for different amplifiers. The ground
wire must have the same area as the +-wire. Connect
the ground wire as close as possible to the amplifier.
Connect all units in the system to the same ground
point to avoid interference.
Use high quality speaker cables with an area of at
least 1,5 mm2 to the side systems and 2,5 mm2 to
the subwoofers, (or more).
Signal cables must have good shielding,
otherwise they can pick up interference noise.
Avoid to place the power cables on the same side of
the car as the signal cables. Also try to avoid the
cars own cable mats to come close to the signal
cables.
Any extra cable must be laid out in zig-zag style and
definitely not coiled.
Don¥t let the cables pass sharp edges that can hurt
the cable insulation causing short circuits or other
problems.
Battery
Main fuse
Fuse block
Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier
Wiring diagram with 3 amplifiers,
main fuse and a fuse block with
a fuse for each unit.
The main fuse holders use either a glass fuse of
AGU-type (max 80A), or ANL-fuses with values up
to 250 Amps. There are fuse blocks for 2, 3 or 4
AGU fuses.
Automatic circuit breakers is another good alternative
as main fuse. They also have a test button with which
you easily can switch off the power to all units.
The ground wires from all units can easily be
connected together with a power block type PB1.
For best function with lowest possible DC-resistance
in all connection points, all the above products are
gold plated with 24 K gold. Besides of a good function
it¥s also gives a good impression.
EXTRA†BATTERY
In many exclusive installations, and most competition
cars, extra batteries are installed. Sometimes also
extra alternators for improved charging, or extra
capacitors of 0,5 or 1 Farad value.
The purpose of this is to make sure that the amplifiers
always gets enough current even at very high
volumes, otherwise the sound will be destroyed at
high volumes.
For a normal listener the ordinary car battery is
sufficient. Just make sure you have DC-feeds that¥s
big enough. But if you plan to compete or just want
to get the most out of your equipment it¥s always
right to install an extra battery or extra capacitors
that works as a current reservoir.
These extra batterys are of a special type with low
internal resistance that can handle large current flows.
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION
An important part of the installation is of course the
speakers.
How they are installed varies from car to car and
depends upon the possibilities in each type.
The factory pre-made installation holes are not always
ideal for other types of speakers than original. We
will give you some hints of what to think of when
installing speakers.
ORIGINAL†INSTALLATION
The easiest way to install a speaker in a car is to use
the factory pre-made holes. If you use car specific
speakers, the installation job becomes very easy. But
the problem is that these type of speakers are usually
not of the highest quality and will not satisfy a
demanding listener.
The high quality speakers often have large magnets
making it necessary to first measure the space and
sometimes make changes in the door or dash-board
to make them fit. Especially the depth is important to
check so that the side windows goes clear from the
magnet.
Some car models requires special adaptors or
distances to make the speaker fit when you use other
speakers than the original.
If possible use some kind of baffle on the back of the
door panel. Make sure the baffle is fastened properly
and fasten the speaker in the baffle. This is easy to
make and will normally result in a better sound than
without baffle.
A speaker installation high up on the door-side is to
recommend, but if the pre-made hole is at the bottom
part of the door it¥s difficult to change.
A 2/3-way system should be installed with the
elements close to each other to achieve the best
sound image. An alternative is to install the bass
element in the door and the tweeter on the dashboard.
A door or dashboard installation is actually an "openair"
installation since there is no limiting box.
SPEAKER INSTALLATION
Exemple of a door installation with new baffles.
12
DLS SOUND HANBOOK - INSTALLATION
NEW DOOR BAFFLES
If you want to improve your door installation you
should build a new door-side. This must be adapted
to the door side and is normally made of MDF or
particle board. The baffle is covered with cloth or
vinyl matching the car interior. Some car sound
builders changes the whole door-side to a new one.
The speaker element is directed to obtain the best
sound image. They are also fastened properly to
avoid rattle.
They are normally mounted with a sealed speaker
box behind the elements. The volumes needed for a
4" or 5,25" element are only a few liters.
ORIGINAL†MOUNTING:
ADVANTAGES:
- Fast, easy and simple
DISADVANTAGES:
- The speakers have no baffle = rattle.
- Bad power handling capacity.
- Bad sound image.
- No box to the speaker element.
BAFFLE†MOUNTING:
ADVANTAGES:
- The speakers are mounted in real baffles.
- A box construction that improves the sound
quality with less rattling.
- Higher power handling capacity.
- Better sound image (front stage).
DISADVANTAGES:
- More work and more expensive mounting.
- The cars original door sides are affected.
- The installation requires a lot of knowledge to
make the installation to look professional.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION
Kick-panel
CENTER CHANNEL†SPEAKER
A center channel speaker can be used to improve
the sound image in installations where the speaker
mounting makes it difficult to achieve a correct sound
image.
On a GENESIS†amplifier you connect the center
channel speaker in bridge mode between left and
right channel and then you obtain the sum signal of
both channels.
It can be mounted on the middle of the dashboard.
1234567
1234567
1234567
Center channel speaker 4 ohm
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
DLS†GENESIS
L+ R-
20W
15W 0-20W
15W
0,15
mH
1,75
mH
In this example the
signal is
dampened with a
20 ohm resistor.
The level can then
be adjusted with
the variable
resistor. The
component values
can need to be
changed
sometimes.
The frequency
response in this
example is
between 550 -
6000 Hz. The
component values
can be changed if
you want another
frequency
response.
13
KICK-PANELS
Another installation alternative giving a good sound
image is the kick-panel. It¥s placed down on the floor
in front of the door on both sides. It can contain the
whole system with bass, midrange and tweeter or a
bass and midrange with the tweeter installed on the
dashboard. The best places for the speakers must
be tested out in the respective car.
Kick-panels are normally made of MDF or particle
board and are build as sealed boxes or as membrane
boxes where the element is allowed to breath through
a membrane of foam rubber or similar.
Kick-panels are very popular in competition cars.
MOUNTING†IN†KICK-PANELS:
ADVANTAGES:
- Stable mounting without rattling.
- Superb sound image.
- Higher power handling capacity.
- Less affection on the cars interior.
DISADVANTAGES:
- More mounting work.
- Possibilites to damage the speaker if kicking on
them with the feets.
HIGH†MOUNTED†KICK-PANELS:
In some cars the kick-panel can be mounted invisible
up under the dashboard. Can create a good sound
image despite the strange mounting.
DASHBOARD†MOUNTING
A mounting of the midrange and tweeter up on the
dashboard will result in an improved sound image. It
will be moved up on the dashboard. Some cars that
have suitable original dashboard mounting holes can
be used.
The tweeters should be mounted on the dashboard
or on the door poles. The woofer elements should
be mounted in a door-side or in a kick-panel. Suitable
for DLS U-35/U-36 or R36/RC36.
REAR†FILL
A well mounted front system is the most important in
a sound system. In some cases we also use rear
mounted speakers used as "rear fill". Rear fill
speakers will improve the front stage image by adding
a weak sound from the rear filling up the sound stage
and giving it a deep. As Rear fill speakers we can
use midrange elements in combination with a passive
or active bandpass filter, mounted in the rear. A
suitable frequency response can be from 500 - 6000
Hz. The level must be dampened easiest made with
a series resistor of 10 - 20 ohms in series with the +
lead. The rear fill speaker can also be connected in
multimode. In this case you use only one element
working as a center channel speaker.
50 mF
4,7 mF
HAT-RACK MOUNTING
The best sound stage for front seat listeners is
achieved with door- or kick-panel mounting. In
competition cars the front system combined with rear
subwoofers are often the only speakers. Sometimes
they are combined with a pair of small 4" or 5,25"
speakers in the back used as "rear fill". These rear
fill speakers are connected with x-overs giving a
reproduction from 1-2 kHz and up. Tweeters are
normally not used in combination with rear fill.
The traditional hat-rack mounting with a system or
6x9" speakers requires some installation work to
create a good sound.
A new hat-rack made of particle board (22 mm) or
MDF-board (19 mm) must be produced. The original
hat-racks are normally not sufficient to use.
If you furthermore want the speakers to have a high
power handling capacity you need to make some
kind of speaker box (normally of sealed type) on the
back of the hat-rack, limiting the cone movement.
If you have a bass box in your trunk it¥s necessary to
have a box for the hat-rack speakers. If not, the low
bass from the sub will have an influence on the speaker
cones and destroy the sound.
In many installations you must use passive filters to
the different speakers in your system. Later in this
book there are some wiring examples where passive
filters are used.
14
GENESIS†IN†MULTIMODE
All GENESIS (except for MONO 250) can be used
in multimode operation. Multimode means that you
from one amplifier can take three different signals,
left channel, right channel and the sum of right and
left channel.
To the sum signal you can connect one or more
subwoofers through a passive low-pass crossover.
You can also connect a center-channel speaker in
multimode. (See example on page 18).
The stereo connected speakers can be either a 2/3-
way system or coaxial speakers. To this speakers
you must use passive high-pass filters that limits the
frequency response.
The advantages of multimode operation is that a
single amplifier can be used for all speakers in the
car. It¥s easy to install, it needs less space and it¥s
cheaper. The disadvantages is that you need passive
crossovers and it¥s difficult to adjust the sound
balance between the front system and the subwoofer.
The load capacity of the amplifier limits the number
of speakers that you can use in the system.
GENESIS series 3 amplifiers are 2 W stable, the minimum
amplifier load is 2 ohms.
FRONT SYSTEM RIGHT†CHANNEL
R- R+
123
123
123
10 mH
You can also use DLS Multimode filter with all
passive components built in a nice box. This will
make the installation much easier.
L+ LSUBWOOFER
300 mF
STEREO
12
12
12
300 mF
123
123
123
123
123
12310 mH
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
123
123 10 mH
300 mF
LP-filter
LP-filter
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Tweeters
with filter
Tweeters
with filter
FRONT†SYSTEM, LEFT†CHANNEL
SUBWOOFER INSTALLATION
An "open air" subwoofer installation in the hat-rack
or towards the back seat calls for the same baffles
of particle board or MDF-board as described above.
But the best result is normally achieved using a
separate bass box of some type. Later in this book
we will describe different types of boxes and give
advices of how to build a box.
You will also find suitable box sizes for all DLS
subwoofers.
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - INSTALLATION
GENESIS
AMPLIFIER
MULTIMODE†CONNECTION
This is an example of a typical multimode connetion
with a front system and a subwoofer. 12 dB passive
high- and low-pass filters are used in combination
with the original filters used for the front system.
All speakers have an impedance of 4 ohms.
The 10 mH coils
can be spared.
Change to 200
mF capacitors
instead of 300 mF.
GENESIS WIRING†EXAMPLES
Example 1.
Basic wiring with one or two speaker
pairs.
This example with one or two 4 ohm systems can be
used with all GENESIS amplifier models.
The amplifier load is 2 ohms when connected in
parallel. Use 2/3-way systems or coaxial speakers.
All speakers must have an impedance of 4 ohms.
Amplifier
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
123
123
123
123
123
Rear coaxial speakers
Tweeter
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
L- L+ R- R+
15
Suitable for: All GENESIS models.
Speaker impedance: 4 ohm
Example 2.
System with a front system and a
multimode connected subwoofer.
This system is similar to that on page 12. But here
we use a 6 dB filter (200 mF capacitor) to the front
system. With only one system and a subwoofer it¥s
sufficient with a 6 dB filter. All speakers must have
an impedance of 4 ohms.
Amplifier
Front DLS 2-way system
Front DLS 2-way system
123
123
123
123
Tweeter
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
10 mH
300 mF
Suitable for: All GENESIS models.
Passive filters: To the sub: 12 dB low-pass filter
with 300 mF capacitor + 10 mH coil giving 95 Hz
x-over.
To the front system: 6 dB high-pass filter with 150 -
200 mF capacitor giving 180 Hz x-over. The original
filters in the systems must also be used.
Advantages: One amplifier can run both front and
rear speaker systems.
Disadvantages: You can¥t balance the sound
levels between front/rear speakers. (It¥s possible
to use fixed resisors in series with the speakers to
adjust the levels.)
Amplifier load: 2 ohms
Passive filters: Not needed except for the filters
coming with the speaker kits.
L+ L- R- R+
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
Filter Filter
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
LP-filter
LP-filter
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
LP-filter
LP-filter 1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
123
123
123
123
123
Capacitors must be of bipolar type.
The coil must have low resistance, 0,5 - 0,7 W.
Advantages: One amplifier can be used for the
whole system.
Disadvantages: You can¥t vary the sound level to
the subwoofer.
Alternatives: If you use two subs they must be of
8 ohms impedance connected in
parallel to obtain a 4 ohm amplifier load.
Amplifier load: 2 ohms
200 mF 200 mF
The
components
inside the
frames must
be added to
the system.
Car stereo Car stereo
Subwoofer
NOTE! In multimode operation the connected
subwoofers must never form an impedance
lower than 4 ohms.
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS WIRING†EXAMPLES
Highpass filter
Lowpass filter
Example 3.
System with a front and a rear system,
and a multimode connected sub.
This system can be used together with most GENESIS
2-channel amplifiers if 12 dB highpass crossovers
are used to both front and rear systems and
subwoofer. Both front and rear speakers are 2-way
systems. The impedance of the subwoofer is 4 ohms.
Amplifier
12
12
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
12
12
123
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Front DLS 2-way system Rear DLS 2-way system
Tweeter
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
Lp-filter
Lp-filter
Lp-filter
Lp-filter
6,3 mH 6,3 mH
6,3 mH 6,3 mH
10 mH
300 mF
200 mF 200 mF
L+ L- R- R+
16
200 mF 200 mF
Suitable for: GENSIS SA-30, SA-50, DA-100
Stereo 60, Stereo 100, Dual Mono.
Speaker impedance: 4 ohms for all.
Passive filters:
To the sub: 12 dB lowpassfilter with 300 mF
capacitor + 10 mH coil giving 95 Hz x-over freq.
To front/rear systems: 12 dB highpass filter with
capacitor 200 mF and 6,3 mH coil giving 140 Hz xover
frequency. The systems original filters must
also be used.
Alternatives: If you use 2 subs they must be of 8
ohm impedance connected in parallel to 4 ohm.
Advantages: One amplifier for the whole system.
Disadvantages: You can¥t vary the sound front/rear
or the level to the subwoofer.
Amplifier load: 2 ohm
The
components
inside the
frames must
be added to
the system.
In this example a front and a rear system are
connected in parallel on FRONT. Two or three
subwoofers are connected to REAR. The amplifiers
built-in filters are used. Suitable for Q-100X, Q-200X
and Four Channel.
Front 2-way system Rear 2-way system
4-channel amplifier
Front Rear / sub
R+
L+ RLTweeters
with filter
Tweeters
with filter
The passive filters are
not shown, but must
naturally be used.
Example 4.
System with a 4-channel amplifier,
front and rear system and subwoofer.
8W
4W 4W
Car stereo Car stereo
Subwoofer
The stereo connected
subs can have an
impedance of 4 or 8 ohms
The bridge connected sub
must have an impedance
of 8 ohms or more. To a
class A amplifier all subs
can have an impedance of
4 ohms.
In the example above the
amplifier load is 2 ohms.
As an alternative you can
connect two subs in stereo
or one sub in bridge mode.
Suitable for: GENESIS Q-100X, Q-200X.
Filter: No passive filters needed. The
amplifiers built-in filters are used.
Built-in filters: Adjust the built-in filters of the
amplifiers according to the owners manual.
The speaker systems own filters are also used.
Alternatives: One or two systems can be
connected in parallel to the FRONT output.
Mid-basses can be connected to the speaker output
of the car stereo through a 12 dB low-pass filter with
550 Hz crossover. C = 50 mF, L = 1,75 mH.
Amplifier load FRONT: 2 ohms
in the example above: REAR: 2 ohms
DLS†SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS WIRING†EXAMPLES
Passive 12 dB
highpass x-over
Passive 12 dB
lowpass x-over
NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an
impedance lower than 4 ohms.
NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an
impedance lower than 4 ohms.
Example 5:
System with separate amplifiers for front and rear system with fader.
Separate amplifier for the subwoofers.
This system with three amplifiers and a filter box gives you many possibilities to adjust and balance the
sound in your car so that every speaker plays at the wanted level. This is an advantage compared to
multimode connected systems. It¥s also possible to use mid-bass speakers with a passive crossover.
Active
filter
Fader
2-channel
amplifier
2-channel
amplifier
2-channel
amplifier
Subwoofer
amplifier
Front system
amplifier
Rear system
amplifier
1234
1234
1234
1234
50 mF 50 mF
1,75 mH 1,75 mH
Mid bass speakers with
12 dB low-pass filter.
X-over freq. 550 Hz
L- R- R+ L+
17
Suitable for: All GENESIS 2-channel amplifiers can be used in this example.
To GENESIS series 3 you can use the internal crossovers instead of the separate active filter.
The mid-bass speakers can be connected to either the front or the rear system.
Active filter: You can use DLS 2W1 to split the signal.
Amplifier load: front system 4 ohm
rear system with mid-subs: 2 ohm
Mid bass
4 W 4 W
8 W
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
Tweeters
with filter
Tweeters
with filter
LP-filter
LP-filter LP-filter
LP-filter
The stereo connected subs can have an impedance
of 4 or 8 ohms .The bridge connected sub must have
an impedance of 8 ohms or more. To a class A
amplifier all subs can have an impedance of 4 ohms.
In the example above the amplifier load is 2 ohms.
As an alternative you can connect two subs in stereo
or one sub in bridge mode.
Car
stereo
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS†WIRING†EXAMPLES
NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.
Example 6:
System with separate amplifiers, one for the front system and one for the
subwoofers. The rear system is fed directly from the car stereo.
In this system the built-in amplifier of the car stereo is used for the front system through a 6 dB highpassfilter
with 200 Hz x-over. An active filter splits the signal between the rear and the sub amplifiers.
Car stereo
/ CD
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
2-channel
amplifier
2-channel
amplifier
Active
filter
Tweeter
with filter
200 mF 200 mF
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
LP-filter
LP-filter
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
LP-filter
LP-filter
Tweeters
with filter
Tweeter
with filter
front system Rear system
Front system
amplifier
Sub
amplifier
8 W
4 W 4 W
R+ L+ L- R-
18
Suitable for: All GENESIS 2-channel amplifiers can be used in this example.
To GENESIS series 3 amplifiers you can use the internal filters instead of the 2W1.
Passive filters: To the rear system a 6 dB x-over (200 mF capacitor) with 200 Hz x-over frequency, 300
mF gives a x-over of 130 Hz, 150 mF gives 266 Hz.
Active filter: Use a DLS 2W1 2-way filter box to split the signal between front and sub system. It has
selectable x-over frequencies from 50 to 150 Hz.
Disadvantages: There will be a great difference in sound quality between the rear system without
external amplifier, and the front system using a separate amplifier.
Amplifier load: Rear system: 4 ohms.
The stereo connected subs can have an
impedance of 4 or 8 ohms .The bridge connected
sub must have an impedance of 8 ohms or more.
To a class A amplifier all subs can have an
impedance of 4 ohms.
In the example above the amplifier load is 2
ohms.
As an alternative you can connect two subs in
stereo or one sub in bridge mode.
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS†WIRING†EXAMPLES
NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.
Example 7:
System with a 4-channel amplifier, front and rear system, subwoofers and a
center channel speaker.
In this system you can use GENESIS Q-100X, Q-200X or Four Channel, 4-channel amplifiers with built-in
electronic crossovers.
A center-channel speaker is connected i multimode. The center-channel level can be adjusted with a
variable resistor.
Car stereo
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
123
12
12
12
12
The stereo connected subs can have an
impedance of 4 or 8 ohms .The bridge connected
sub must have an impedance of 8 ohms or more.
To a class A amplifier all subs can have an
impedance of 4 ohms.
In the example above the amplifier load is 2
ohms.
As an alternative you can connect two subs in
stereo or one sub in bridge mode.
Center channel
speaker
123
123
123
123
123
0,15 mH
R = 0-20 W
Tweeters
with filter
Front system
L-
+
-
R- R+
Lp-filter
Lp-filter
L+ L- R- R+ L+
8 W
4 W 4 W
19
Suitable for: GENSIS†Q-100X, Q-200X or Four Channel
Passive x-overs: A center channel speaker is connected in bridge mode. To adjust the level you need a
variable resistor with 15 watts power handing capacity. A band-pass filter allows the speaker to reproduce
frequencies between 550 to 6000 Hz.
Active filters: The built-in filters are used.
Amplifier load: FRONT: 1,3 ohms
REAR: 2 ohms in the example above.
1,75 mH
4,7
mF
50 mF
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS†WIRING†EXAMPLES
Amplifier Q-100X /
Q-200X / Four Channel
NOTE! The subwoofers must never form an impedance lower than 4 ohms.
Example 9:
System with P-300X, 5-channel amplifier with a front 2-way system
with active crossover and a subwoofer.
Tweeters
Midrange/bass
Subwoofer
/ woofers
Ch1
Ch5
Example 10:
System with P-300X, front system, "rear fill", and a subwoofer.
12345678
12345678
12345678
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234
1234
1234
1234 LP-filter LP-filter
Ch1
Ch2
Ch3
Ch4
Ch5
Subwoofer using the builtin
filters of the amplifier.
In
P-300X
In
In
P-300X
In
In
In
A single line input is
often enough in this
application.
20
P-300X
In
In
In Ch5
Ch3
Ch4
Ch2
Ch1
1234
1234
1234
12345
12345
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
1234567
Front system connected in
bridge mode to channel 1 - 4.
The speakers own filters are
used in combination with the
built-in filters in the amplifier.
(Adjust the ch 3-4 lowpass
filter to 40 kHz x-over freq.)
Subwoofer is using the ch 5
built-in filters.
Subwoofer using the
amplifiers built-in filters
Example 11:
System with P-300X. Front system connected in bridge mode to ch. 1 -
4. subwoofer to ch 5.
Front 2-way
system
incl. filter
"rear fill"
speakers
In this example the
speakers own passive
filters are used to the
front system in
combination with the
built-in highpass filters
on channel 1-2.
On channel 3-4 ‰r "rear
fill" speakers are
connected. the
amplifiers built-in filters
are used.
The sub also uses the
built-in filters.
L+
LL+
R+
RLR+
RLP-
filter LP-filter
+
-
With two line inputs it is
possible to adjust the
balance between front and rear
speaker systems.
L+
LR+
RL+
LR+
R-
+
-
If you want to
balance the
front/rear level
you must add
a line-in to the
sub input on
channel 5.
Ch2
RR+
Ch4
Ch3 LL+
RR+
+
L+
L-
-
Channel 1 & 2 = Tweeters with active high-pass filter
Channel 3 & 4 = Midrange with high- and low-pass filter
Channel 5 = Subwoofer with low-pass filter
No passive crossovers are needed. The built-in active
filters are used to all speakers.
Connect the inputs in
parallell with Y-adaptors
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS†WIRING†EXAMPLES
LEVEL HP filt HP
Volt Hz x20
INPUT†CONNECTORS
4(R) 3(L) 2(R) 1(L)
SPEAKERS
- 1/L + - 2/R +
SPEAKERS
- 3/L + - 4/R +
LEVEL HP filt HPx20
Volt Hz
LP filt HP filt LEVEL
kHz Hz Volt
4 0,3 80 400
BUTTON†OUT !
3 40
6
0,3 400
+ _
- This is suitable for 3-way speaker systems
like DLS R-36, RC-36, U35 or U-36.
The passive crossover box must be used for
tweeter and midrange.
NOTE! When using DLS U35 / U36 in this
way, the 33 mF capacitor inside the filter
must be cut off at one end.
_ +
MID-BASS
TWEETER
_ + _ +
FILTER FILTER
80-400 Hz
1,6-8 kHz
1 2 180
4
2 1 180
80
LP filt LP filt HP filt LEVEL
kHz Hz Volts 3-40 kHz
0,3-4 kHz BUTTON†IN!
DLS SOUND HANDBOOK - GENESIS†WIRING†EXAMPLES
The diagram shows the connection of a 3-way system, DLS U36 or similar, where tweeter and midrange
speakers are connected to ch 1-2, midbasses to ch 3-4, and subwoofers to ch 5 (not shown). Passive
crossover is used between tweeter and midrange.
Filter Ch 1-2
LINE†OUT†FROM†CAR STEREO.
AUTOMATIC INTERNAL TRANSFER
TO†CH 3-4 &†5.
Filter Ch 3-4
21
In this example ch 1-2 plays
from 400 Hz and up.
Ch 3-4 plays between
100 - 400 Hz.
MIDRANGE
Example 9:
System with GENESIS Five Channel, 5 channel amplifier with a front 3-way
system with active x-over. (Not for P-300X).
All other wiring examples can be found in the owners manual for Five Channel.
WHY†DO†WE†NEED†SPEAKER†BOXES?
A Hi-Fi speaker for home use is always mounted in
a box to reproduce the best possible sound.
Traditional mounting in cars are in a door side or in
the hat rack, this is a simple baffle mounting. You
can of course achieve a better sound in your car by
using suitable speaker boxes.
In a correct adapted box the sound is improved and
the power handling capacity increases.
If you have a subwoofer in your trunk and a pair of
"open air"- mounted speakers in the hat-rack the air
pumping from the sub will effect the hat-rack speakers
and make the cones move a little ruining the sound
from them. This is one of many good reasons to use
boxes also in your car.
Normally we use boxes for the subwoofer but also
the rest of the speakers sounds better mounted in a
suitable box.
We will now describe the different types of boxes
normally used in a car.
SPEAKER†BOXES, GENERAL
Build your boxes in a stable and air-tight material.
The best is MDF-board, 19 mm, or particle board,
22 mm. Larger boxes must have braces inside to
avoid resonance. The box must be completely airtight.
Use sealing compound in all joints, also in the
hole for the cable. The size of the box are decided
by the speaker data, but also the car type and music
have an infl

Мод колонок Genius SP-K10

Мод колонок Genius SP-K10

Кто сейчас на конференции